Grand Teton National Park, USA
Iri mukati memoyo weNorth-Western Wyoming, iyo Grand Teton National Park inozivikanwa seAmerican National Park. Iwe uchawana pano yakakurumbira Teton renji inova imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira mune ino inokwana 310,000 acres expansive park.
Indasitiri yekushanya muUSA inozivikanwa kushandira mamirioni nemamiriyoni evashanyi vekunze uye vasiri vekunze gore rega rega. Kushanya uye kurongeka kwekufamba kwakavandudzika muUnited States kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 zvichitevera kukurumidza kwemaguta. Pakazosvika 1850, USA yakatanga kushandira vashanyi vese vanobva pasirese pamwe nekuita nhaka yavo nenzira yezvishamiso zvechisikigo, nhaka yekuvaka, zvisaririra zvenhoroondo uye zvakamutsiridza zviitwa zvekutandara. Nzvimbo uko budiriro yakatanga kuyerera izere iBoston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, New York, Washington DC neSan Francisco. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzekutanga dzakaona shanduko yekukurumidza mupfungwa yese yetemu.
Nyika payakatanga kuona mashura eAmerica, maererano nekusimudzira maindasitiri uye metropolitanization, hurumende yakatanga kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzine mukurumbira dzevashanyi. Idzi nzvimbo dzevashanyi dzinosanganisira zvikomo zvinoshungurudza moyo, mapaki uye humwe hunhu hunongoitika senge mapopoma, madziva, masango, mipata nezvimwe.
Iri mukati memoyo weNorth-Western Wyoming, iyo Grand Teton National Park inozivikanwa seAmerican National Park. Iwe uchawana pano yakakurumbira Teton renji inova imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira mune ino inokwana 310,000 acres expansive park. Teton range inosvika ku40-mamaira-kureba (64 km) anenge. Chikamu chekuchamhembe chepaki chinoenda nezita rekuti 'Jackson Hole' uye kunyanya inotakura mipata.
Paki iyi iri makiromita angangoita gumi kumaodzanyemba kweYellowstone National Park ine mukurumbira. Mapaki ese ari maviri akabatana neNational Park Service uye anotariswa naJohn D Rockefeller Junior Memorial Parkway. Ungashamisika kuziva kuti kuvharwa kwese kwenzvimbo iyi kunova imwe yepasi rose uye yakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya pakati pe-latitude inodziya ecosystem. Kana uri kuronga kushanya kuUSA, Grand Teton National Park ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzausingakwanise kupotsa. Kuti uzive zvese nezve paki, kutanga kubva kwayakabva kusvika pakukura kwayo kwemazuva ano, tevera chinyorwa chiri pasi apa kuitira kuti kana wasvika panzvimbo, iwe unofanoziviswa nezvezvayo uye unogona kusada mutungamiriri wevashanyi. Kufara kusefa nemupaka!
Nhoroondo yeGrand Teton National Park, USA
Paleo-Indians
Yekutanga budiriro yakanyoreswa kuvepo muGrand Teton National Park yaive Paleo-Indians, inotangira kusvika kunosvika zviuru gumi nerimwe zvemakore. Munguva iyoyo, mamiriro ekunze eJackson Hole Valley aitonhora zvakanyanya uye yakawanda yeAlpine inokodzera tembiricha. Nhasi paki inosangana nemamiriro ekunze asina mvura. Pakutanga rudzi rwevanhu vaizochengeta Jackson Hole Valley vaive vavhimi uye vaitama nemararamiro avo. Tichifunga nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ekutonhora kwedunhu, kana ukashanyira paki nhasi unowana makomba emoto aripo uye maturusi akagadzirirwa chinangwa chekuvhima padyo nemahombekombe egungwa reJackson rine mukurumbira (inova zvakare inonyanyozivikanwa nzvimbo yevashanyi nekuda kwekunaka kwaro. zvinosanganisira). Zvishandiso izvi nechoto zvakazowanikwa nekufamba kwenguva.
Kubva pane zvishandiso zvakawanikwa kubva panzvimbo ino yekuchera matongo, mamwe acho ndee Clovis Culture uye gare gare zvakanzwisiswa kuti maturusi aya anodzokera shure kuanenge makore 11,500. Maturusi aya akagadzirwa kubva kune mamwe marudzi emakemikari anoratidza kuti kwakabva Teton pass yazvino. Kunyange iyo obsidian yaisvikikawo kune vePaleo-maIndia, mapfumo akawanikwa kubva panzvimbo iyi akanongedza pavari veSouth.
Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti nzira yekutama yePaleo-Indians yaibva kumaodzanyemba kweJackson Hole. Chinofadza kuona ndechekuti mafambiro emapoka ezvizvarwa zvemuAmerica akanga achiri kuchinja kubva pamakore 11000 kuenda kumakore 500 apfuura, zvichiratidzawo kuti kuburikidza nekufamba kwenguva hapana kugadzirisa kwakaitwa munyika dzeJackson Hole.
Kuongorora uye Kuwedzera
Rwendo rwekutanga rwusina pamutemo rwakaitwa kuGrand Teton National Park rwakanga rwuri naLewis naClark vakapfuura Maodzanyemba kwedunhu. Yakanga iri nguva yechando apo Colter akapfuura dunhu uye aive pamutemo wekutanga Caucasian kutsika ivhu repaki.
Mutungamiriri waLewis naClark William Clark akatopa mepu yairatidza rwendo rwavo rwekare uye yakaratidza kuti nzendo dzakaitwa naJohn Colter mugore ra1807. Sezvingabvira, izvi zvakasarudzwa naClark naColter pavakasangana kuSaint Louis Missouri mugore ra1810.
Zvisinei, rwendo rwekutanga rwakatsigirwa nehurumende kuitika muGrand Teton National Park raiva mugore ra1859 kusvika muna 1860 rainzi Raynolds Expedition. Rwendo urwu rwakatungamirirwa nakaputeni wemauto William F. Raynolds uye akatungamirirwa munzira yake naJim Bridger, uyo akanga ari murume wegomo. Rwendo urwu rwaisanganisirawo muzivi wemuzvarirwo F Hayden uyo akazoronga dzimwe nzendo dzakatevedzana munzvimbo imwe chete. Rwendo urwu rwakanga rwakarongwa kutsvaga nekuongorora nzvimbo yedunhu reYellowstone asi nekuda kwechando chakanyanya uye nemamiriro ekunze anotonhora asingashiviriki, vakatozobvisa mishoni iyi nechinangwa chekuchengetedza. Gare gare, Bridger akatora nzira ndokutungamira rwendo rwekumaodzanyemba achiyambuka nzira yemubatanidzwa inoenda kuRwizi rweGros Ventre ndokuzobuda mudunhu pamusoro peTeton pass.
Kurangarira kweYellowstone National Park kwakaitwa zviri pamutemo mugore ra1872 kuchamhembe kweJackson Hole. Nechokunopera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, zvakarongwa nevanochengetedza kuchengetedza kusanganisa kutandavara kweTeton mukati memiganhu inokwidziridzwa yeYellowstone National Park.
Gare gare, Mutungamiri Franklin Roosevelt vakawana 221,000-acre Jackson Hole National monument yakavezwa mugore ra1943. Chiyeuchidzo ichi panguva iyi chakamutsa gakava nekuti chakavakwa panzvimbo yakapihwa nekambani yeSnake River land uye chakafukidza nzvimbo yakapihwa nesango reTeton National. Munguva iyoyo, nhengo dzebato reCongress dzakagara dzichiedza kuti chiyeuchidzo chibviswe kubva panzvimbo.
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, ruzhinji rwenyika rwakatsigira kubatanidzwa kwechiyeuchidzo kunzvimbo yepaki uye kunyangwe pakanga pachine kushorwa kubva kumapato eko, chiyeuchidzo chakawedzerwa kune iyo nzvimbo.
Yaive mhuri yaJohn D Rockefeller yaive muridzi wepurazi reJY iri pamuganhu neGrand Teton National Park yakananga kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Mhuri iyi yakasarudza kupa muridzi wepurazi ravo kupaki yekuvakwa kweLawrance S Rockefeller reserve muna Mbudzi 2007. Izvi zvakatsaurirwa kuzita ravo musi waChikumi 21, 2008.
IZVI US Visa Online yave kuwanikwa kuti iwanikwe nenharembozha kana piritsi kana PC neemail, pasina kushanya kune veko US Embassy. Zvakare, US Visa Chikumbiro Fomu inorerutswa kuti ipedze online pawebhusaiti ino mukati memaminitsi matatu.
Geography yenyika yakafukidzwa
Iri mukati memwoyo weNorth-Western dunhu reUSA, Grand Teton National Park iri muWyoming. Sezvatatotaura pamusoro apa, nzvimbo yekuchamhembe yepaki inodzivirirwa neJohn D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway, iyo inochengetwa neGrand Teton National Park. Kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweGrand Teton National Park kunogara mugwagwa mukuru unoyevedza une zita rimwe chete.
Wanga uchiziva here kuti Grand Teton National Park inotambanudzira kusvika kumaeka mazana matatu negumi? Nepo, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway inotambanukira kusvika kumaeka 310,000. Chikamu chihombe chemupata weJackson Hole uye pamwe nhongonya zhinji dzemakomo dzinoonekwa dzakadongorera kubva kuTeton Range dziri mukati mepaki.
Iyo Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem yakapararira kunzvimbo dzematunhu matatu akasiyana uye inoumba imwe yakakura, yakabatanidzwa yepakati-latitude ecosystems inofema pasi nhasi.
Kana uchifamba kubva kuSalt Lake City, Utah, ipapo chinhambwe chako kubva kuGrand Teton National Park chingave maminetsi mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe (290 km) nemugwagwa uye kana uchifamba kubva kuDenver, Colorado chinhambwe chako nemugwagwa chinofanira kunge chiri 470. maminitsi (550 km), nemugwagwa
Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole ndiwo mupata wakadzika wakanaka une avhareji yekukwira inosvika 6800 ft., kudzika kweavhareji inosvika 6,350 ft. ) kureba nehupamhi hunosvika makiromita gumi nematatu (1,940 kusvika 55 km). Mupata uyu uri kumabvazuva kweTeton Mountain Range, uye unotsvedza uchidzika kuenda ku30,000 ft. (9,100 m), uchibereka Teton Fault nemapatya ayo akafanana akamisikidzwa akananga kumabvazuva kwemupata. Izvi zvinoita kuti chivharo cheJackson Hole chidaidzwe kuti mudhuri wakarembera uye mugomo weTeton urangarirwe semudhuri wetsoka.
Nharaunda yeJackson Hole inowanzoita nyika yakati sandara ine hunch chete mukukwirira inotambanuka kubva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuchamhembe. Nekudaro, kuvapo kweBlacktail Butte nezvikomo zvakaita seSignal gomo zvinopikisana netsanangudzo yeflatland yegomo rakatambanudzwa.
Kana iwe uchida kuona glacial depressions mupaki, unofanira kuenda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweJackson lake. Ikoko iwe unowana akawanda dents ayo anowanzozivikanwa se 'kettles' mudunhu. Aya maketero anozvarwa apo aizi yakanyungudutswa mukati mekongiri yematombo inogezwa kunze nenzira yemazaya echando uye yogadzikwa mugonhi richangoumbwa.
Teton makomo
Gomo reTeton rinotambanuka kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye rinokwira kubva muvhu reJackson Hole. Wanga uchiziva here kuti makomo eTeton anoumba makomo madiki pane ati ambove akazara muRocky Mountain? Gomo racho rine mativi ekumadokero kwarinosimuka zvinoshamisa kubva kuJackson Hole mupata wakarerekera kumabvazuva asi rinonyanya kududzirwa rakananga kumupata weTeton kumadokero.
Ongororo dzenzvimbo dzakaitwa nguva nenguva dzinoratidza kuti kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakawanda kunoitika muTeton kukanganisa kwakakonzera kutama zvishoma nezvishoma kwechikamu chakananga kudivi rayo rekumadokero uye kudzika kwakadzika kudivi rekumabvazuva, neavhareji yekusimuka iri tsoka imwe (30 cm) inoitika 300 kusvika. 400 makore.
Nzizi nemadziva
Apo tembiricha yeJackson Hole payakatanga kudzikira, zvakaita kuti mazaya echando anyunguduke nekukurumidza uye kuumbwa kwemadziva munharaunda iyi, uye pakati pemadziva aya, dziva guru iJackson Lake.
Dziva reJackson rinowanikwa rakananga kumucheto kwekuchamhembe kwemupata uyo unosvika makiromita makumi maviri nemana pakureba, makiromita masere muhupamhi uye inenge 24 ft. (8 m) pakadzika. Asi chakagadzirwa nemaoko iJackson Lake Dam iro rakagadzirwa pamwero wakasimudzwa kusvika kunosvika 40 ft. (12 m).
Dunhu iri zvakare rine rwizi rune mukurumbira rweNyoka (yakapihwa zita rechimiro chekuyerera) iyo inotambanuka kubva kuchamhembe ichienda kumaodzanyemba, ichicheka nemupaki ichipinda mudhamu reJackson riri padyo nemuganhu weGrand Teton National Park. Rwizi rwunobva rwaenda kumberi kunobatanidza mvura dzedhamu reJackson Lake uye kubva ipapo, rwonanga kumaodzanyemba ruchidzika nepakati peJackson Hole uye ruchisiya dunhu repaki kumadokero kweJackson Hole airport.
Flora uye Fauna
Flora
Nharaunda iyi inogara kune marudzi anopfuura chiuru emiti yevascular. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekukwirira kwemakomo, inobvumira mhuka dzesango kuti dzibudirire muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye kufema munzvimbo dzese dzezvipenyu, dzinosanganisira Alpine Tundra uye Rocky Mountain renji inobvumira kuberekana kwerunyararo mumasango asi pasi pamubhedha wemupata uchikura. musanganiswa wemiti yemukoniferi nemiti inodonha inoperekedza mapani emupfuhwira inokura panzvimbo dzakasimukira. Kureba kwakasiyana kwemakomo uye kuti kudziya kwakasiyana kunoita basa rinokosha mukukura kwemarudzi.
Pakureba kweanenge 10,000 ft. iyo inowanikwa pamusoro pemuti wemuti unotumbuka nzvimbo yeTundra yemupata weTeton. Sezvo iri nharaunda isina miti, zviuru zvezvipenyu zvakaita semhunga nehunde, uswa, maruva emusango, uye zvimwe zvinomera zvinozivikanwa nezvisingazivikanwe zvinofema muvhu. Kusiyana neizvi, miti yakadai seLimber pine, Whitebark, Pine fir uye Engelmann spruce inokura muhuwandu hwakanaka.
Munharaunda yesub-Alpine, tichidzika kumubhedha wemupata tine blue spruce, Douglas fir uye lodgepole pine inogara munzvimbo iyi. Kana ukafamba zvishoma wakananga kumahombekombe emadziva nerwizi, unowana cottonwood, willow, aspen uye alder zvichibudirira munzvimbo dzine mvura.
fauna of
Imwe yezvikuru zvinokwezva vashanyi zveGrand Teton National Park imhando dzayo makumi matanhatu neimwe dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka dzainochengeta munzvimbo dzinoshamisa. Mhuka idzi dzinosanganisira mhumhi yegrey inoyevedza inozivikanwa kuti yakadzimwa kutanga kwema1900 asi yakadzoka mudunhu kubva kuYellowstone National Park mushure mekunge yadzoserwa ikoko.
Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika mupaki yevashanyi zvingave zvinoyevedza rwizi otter, homwe, marten uye coyote inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Kunze kweizvi, zvimwe zvishoma zvisingawanzo kuitika chipmunk, yellow-belly marmot, porcupines, pika, squirrels, beaver, muskrat uye marudzi matanhatu akasiyana echiremwaremwa. Kumhuka dzinoyamwisa dzehukuru hukuru, tine elk iyo yavepo muzviuru munharaunda.
Ah, kana iwe uri mukuona shiri uye uchida kuziva nekuona shiri, saka nzvimbo ino icharatidza kuva yerwendo rwakakura sezvo shiri dzinosvika mazana matatu dzisinganzwisisike dzinoonekwa pano nguva nenguva uye izvi zvinosanganisira calliope hummingbird, the trumpeter swans, common merganser, dhadha reharequin, njiva yekuAmerica uye teal ine mapapiro ebhuruu.
VERENGA ZVAKAWANDA:
Musha weanopfuura mazana mana emapaki enyika akapararira munzvimbo dzayo makumi mashanu, hapana rondedzero inotaura mapaki anoshamisa zvikurusa muUnited States ingambove yakakwana. Verenga zvakawanda pa Nhungamiro Yekufamba kune Akakurumbira Mapaki eNyika muUSA
ESTA US Visa imvumo yekufambisa yepamhepo yekushanyira US kwenguva inosvika mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe.
Vagari veSweden, Zvizvarwa zveFrance, Zvizvarwa zveAustralia, uye VaNew Zealand vagari venyika inogona kunyorera online yeInternet US Visa.
